Metal Dyshomeostasis and Inflammation in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases: Possible Impact of Environmental Exposures
Table 1
Genes () involved in brain metal homeostasis pathways for which expression is significantly changed in AD.
Gene symbol
Description
SAM score (d)*
Fold up- or downregulation
MT1M
Metallothionein 1M
6.7
2.50
MT2A
Metallothionein 2A
5.3
2.00
MT1G
Metallothionein 1G
4.8
2.30
MT1F
Metallothionein 1F
4.6
2.30
MT1H
Metallothionein 1H
4.4
2.00
MT1X
Metallothionein 1X
4.2
1.80
HEPH
Hephaestin
4.1
2.00
MT1E
Metallothionein 1E
4.0
1.80
AOC3
Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (vascular adhesion protein 1)
3.8
2.90
SLC40A1
Solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1
3.0
1.50
FTHL17
Ferritin, heavy polypeptide-like 17
2.2
1.60
COX6A1
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1
−3.3
−1.43
COX6C
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc
−3.7
−1.67
HMOX2
Heme oxygenase (decycling) 2
−3.7
−1.67
COX11
COX11 cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog (yeast)
−4.3
−1.43
SOD1
Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
−4.5
−2.00
PAM
Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
−4.6
−1.67
ATOX1
ATX1 antioxidant protein 1 homolog (yeast)
−4.6
−2.00
COX5B
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb
−5.2
−1.67
COX6B1
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous)
−5.3
−2.00
COX7B
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb
−5.8
−2.00
*Significantly differentially expressed genes between AD-affected cases and controls, FDR < 10% for GSE5281 microarray date, and unlogged fold up- and downregulated genes (). Eleven genes were overexpressed and 10 genes were underexpressed in the samples from AD-affected cases in comparison to age-matched unaffected controls.
