Metal Dyshomeostasis and Inflammation in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases: Possible Impact of Environmental Exposures

Table 3

Genes (𝑛=18) involved in brain metal homeostasis and neurodegeneration for which expression is significantly changed in PD.

Gene symbol	Description	SAM score (d)*	Fold up- or downregulation	Fold change^a	Fold change^b,c
MT1G	Metallothionein 1G	1.7	1.94	0.90	0.82
MT1F	Metallothionein 1F	1.6	1.87	0.88	0.55
MT1M	Metallothionein 1M	1.5	1.73	1.10	0.92
MT1P2	Metallothionein 1 pseudogene 2	1.5	1.79	0.43	0.57
MT1H	Metallothionein 1H	1.5	1.65	0.69	0.79
MT1E	Metallothionein 1E	1.5	1.64	0.62	0.58
MT1X	Metallothionein 1X	1.4	1.56	0.67	0.73
BCL2L11	BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)	1.4	2.05	0.29	0.61
MT2A	Metallothionein 2A	1.3	1.51	0.46	0.81
SLC30A1	Solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 1	1.3	1.38	0.47	0.37
MT4	Metallothionein 4	1.2	3.51	0.29	0.22
CAT	Catalase	1.1	2.00	0.30	0.40
TF	Transferrin	1.0	1.62	0.68	0.74
SNAP25	Synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa	−1.3	−1.50	−1.50	−1.90
SYP	Synaptophysin	−1.3	−2.04	−0.51	−0.53
CD200	CD200 molecule	−1.5	−1.90	−0.62	−1.10
STXBP1	Syntaxin binding protein 1	−1.8	−1.90	−1.00	−0.71
SLC30A9	Solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 9	−1.9	−1.79	−0.69	−0.63

*Significantly differentially expressed genes between PD-cases and controls, FDR < 10% for GSE8397 microarray date and unlogged fold up- and downregulated genes (𝑛=18). Thirteen genes were overexpressed and 5 genes were underexpressed in the samples from PD-affected cases in comparison to age-matched unaffected controls. The microarray dataset is from (a) microarray dataset from Moran et al., 2006 [195] with GEO accession number, GSE8397; (b) microarray dataset from Zhang et al. 2005 [196] with accession number GSE20168; (c) microarray dataset from Lesnick et al. 2007 [197] with GEO accession number GSE7621. All three microarray datasets are reanalyzed in the Parkinson's disease database (Park DB: http://www2.cancer.ucl.ac.uk/Parkinson_Db2/index.php).
^a,b,cAre log-transformed fold change differences between PD-cases and controls from Park DB.