Cadmium and Its Neurotoxic Effects

Table 1

Summary of the “safe” level for human contacted of Cd.

Organization/Authors	Year	Approach	Dose	Reference
FAO/WHO	1988	Intake	400–500 μg/week	[3]
WHO	1992	Intake	7 μg·kg^−1 b.w./week or 1 μg·kg^−1 b.w./day	[38]
FAO/WHO	1993	Intake	7 μg·kg^−1 b.w./week	[39]
Satarug et al.	2000	Intake	30 μg/day	[40]
Nasreddine and Parent-Massin	2002	Intake	10–30 μg/day	[41]
WHO	2004	Drinking-water	3 μg/L	[42]
FAO/WHO	2006	Food	0.4 mg/kg of the BMDL of R-Cd standard	[43]
ACGIH.	2007	Blood	5 μg/L	[44]
EFSA	2009	Intake	2.5 μg·kg^−1 b.w./week	[45]
FAO/WHO	2010	Intake	5.8 μg·kg^−1 b.w./week	[46]
CPSC	2010	Intake	0.1 μg·kg^−1 b.w./day	[4]

ACGIH: American conference of governmental industrial hygienists; CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission; FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization; WHO: World Health Organization; b.w.: body weight.