Resveratrol Counteracts Inflammation in Human M1 and M2 Macrophages upon Challenge with 7-Oxo-Cholesterol: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Atherosclerosis

Figure 4

Secretome profile of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in M1 and M2 macrophages pretreated or not with resveratrol before stimulation with 7-oxo-cholesterol. Polarized M1 (□) and M2 (■) macrophages were stimulated with 15 μM 7-oxo-cholesterol (7oxo-C) for 20 hours after pretreatment or not with resveratrol (30 μM) for 1 hour at 37°C, 5% CO₂. At the end of incubation time, supernatants were analyzed for cytokines (a), chemokines (b), and growth factors (c) release using a commercially available multiplex bead-based sandwich immunoassay kit, as described in Section 2. Results are expressed as means ± SD of three independent experiments (^∗𝑃<0.01; ^†𝑃<0.001; ^‡𝑃<0.05).

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