Resveratrol Counteracts Inflammation in Human M1 and M2 Macrophages upon Challenge with 7-Oxo-Cholesterol: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Atherosclerosis

Figure 5

NF-κB activation in M1 and M2 macrophages. 7-oxo-cholesterol (7oxo-C) stimulation significantly increased active NF-κB p50 (a) and p65 (b) levels in M2 subset. Pretreatment of M2 with resveratrol prevented the upregulation of both active p50 and p65 in response to 7-oxo-cholesterol. M1 (□) and M2 (■) macrophages pretreated or not with resveratrol (30 μM) for 30 minutes were cultured for 1 hour with or without 7oxo-C (15 μM). Cells were then analyzed by NF-κB (p50 and p65) transcription factor assay to monitor NF-κB activation. The results are expressed as arbitrary units (𝑛=3, p50: ^∗𝑃<0.01; ^†𝑃<0.001; p65: ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^†𝑃<0.01).

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(b)