The Role of Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure

Table 1

Activation of Nrf2 and its downstream genes to treat cardiac remodeling and HF.

	Name	Target disease model	Species	Function	Ways and volume	References
Nrf2 activators	Sulforaphane	Ischemia (I/R, Langendorff)	SD rats	Prevent cardiac apoptosis	0.5 mg/kg/d, 3 days, IP	[102]
		Diabetes (type 1, STZ)	Mice	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis	0.5 mg/kg/d, 3 months, IP	[103]
	MG132	Hypertension (abdominal aortic banding)	SD rats	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis	0.1 mg/kg/d, 8 or 16 weeks, IP	[104, 105]
		Diabetes (type 1, OVE)	Mice	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis	10 𝜇g/kg/d, 3 months, IP	[106]
	Resveratrol	Ischemia (MI, LAD occlusion)	SD rats	Improve cardiac stem cells’ survival, proliferation, and differentiation	2.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks, gavage	[107]
	Allicin	Hypertension (Ang II)	SD rats	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis	180 mg/kg/d, 8 weeks, receiving a diet in addition to standard chow	[108]
	α-Lipoic acid	Ischemia (I/R, coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion)	SD rats	Prevent cardiac apoptosis	15 mg/kg, one time, IV	[79]
	Hydrogen sulfate	Ischemia (I/R, coronary artery ligation followed by reperfusion)	Mice	Prevent cardiac apoptosis	0.1 mg/kg, one time, IV	[109]
	4-HNE	Ischemia (MI, Langendorff)	Mice	Improve cardiac function	4 mg/kg, one time, IV	[110]
HO-1 activators	CoPP	Hypertension (Ang II)	Wistar rats	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy	1 mg/kg, every 2 days, 2 weeks, IP	[25]
		Hypertension plus ischemia (spontaneous hypertensive rats + LAD occlusion)	Wistar rats	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy	4.5 mg/kg, one/week, 6 weeks, IP	[111]
	Hemin	Ischemia (MI, LAD occlusion)	SD rats	Prevent cardiac apoptosis	4 mg/kg, every 2 days, 4 weeks, IP	[112]
SOD activators	EUK-8	Hypertension (transverse aortic banding)	Mice	Prevent cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis	25 mg/kg/d, 4 weeks, IP	[113]
	N-Acetylcysteine	Diabetes (STZ)	Wistar rats	Improve cardiac function	1.4-1.5 g/kg/d, 8 weeks, in drinking water	[114]