Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal

<table>Fenton and Haber-Weiss reaction. Reduced form of transition-metals (M<sup><i>n</i></sup>) reacts trough the Fenton reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), leading to the generation of <svg height="17.65" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.375 17.65" width="35.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,2.9,5.35)"><path d="M455 252q0 -79 -57 -136t-136 -57q-80 0 -136 56q-56 58 -56 137q0 77 56 135q57 57 136 57q84 0 138 -56q55 -55 55 -136z" id="x2022"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,9.738,13.5)"><path d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" id="x4F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.3,13.5)"><path d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162
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</svg>. Superoxide radical (<svg height="17.65" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.987499 17.65" width="32.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,13.5)"><path d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" id="x4F"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.763,17.588)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,19.1,5.35)"><path d="M455 252q0 -79 -57 -136t-136 -57q-80 0 -136 56q-56 58 -56 137q0 77 56 135q57 57 136 57q84 0 138 -56q55 -55 55 -136z" id="x2022"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.323,5.35)"><path d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x2212"></path></g>
</svg>) can also react with oxidized form of transition metals (M<sup>(<i>n+1</i>)</sup>) in the Haber-Weiss reaction leading to the production of M<sup><i>n</i></sup>, which then again affects redox cycling.</table>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal 