Exercise Training Preserves Ischemic Preconditioning in Aged Rat Hearts by Restoring the Myocardial Polyamine Pool

Figure 4

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency was evaluated based on mitochondrial state 3 and 4 oxygen consumption (a), the respiratory control rate (RCR) (b), the ADP/O ratio (the nanomoles of ADP phosphorylated by the nanomoles of O₂) (c), and proton leakage (oligomycin-inhibited respiration) (d). Respiration was induced with pyruvate/malate (5 mM each) as energizing substrates and ADP (200 μM) to initiate state 3 respiration. Data are presented as the mean ± SE ( per group). versus the control group; ^† versus the OPC group; versus the Ex-OPC group.

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