|
| Malignancies | OS/MDF hallmarks | References |
|
| Bladder cancer | ↑ 8-OHdG, 3-NT, and Prdx4 associated with a poor prognosis; ↓ serum levels of | [191–194] |
| Vit C and E, SOD and GPx, and serum antioxidant capacity; ↑ mtDNA mutations; |
| altered mitochondrial protein expression profile (OXPHOS, glycolysis/ |
| /gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle) |
|
| Breast cancer | ↑ 8-OH-dG and protein carbonyl; ↑ total SOD, SOD-1, and EC-SOD in plasma | [195–201] |
| and breast tumours; BRCA1 mutations cause OS in tumour microenvironment; |
| ↑ >95 gene transcripts associated with mt biogenesis and/or mt translation; |
| mt location of phosphorylated BRCA1; progression-related CoQ10 levels; ↓ SOD-2 |
|
| Cervical cancer | ↑ lipid peroxidation; ↑ GPx; ↓ SOD; ↓ CAT; null GSTM1 and GSTT1 | [202–208] |
| polymorphisms associated with ↑ risk of cervical neoplasia; ↑ Prdx3 |
|
| Colorectal cancer | ↑ 8-OHdG; ↑ SOD, GR and GPx; ↓ GST; U-shaped association between | [209–211] |
| the relative mtDNA copy number and risk of colorectal cancer |
|
| Endometrial cancer | ↑ tumour specific mtDNA mutations; ↓ complex I; ↑ mtDNA level;↑ mitochondrial | [212–214] |
| biogenesis; ↑ SOD-2; ↑ CAT; ↑ Prx3 |
|
| Gastric cancer | ↑ 8-OHdG; ↓ hOGG1; ↑ SOD-2; H. pylori-induced mtDNA mutations and decrease | [215–217] |
| of mtDNA content |
|
| Hepatocellular carcinoma growth | ↑ 8-OHdG and 4-HNE associated with microvessel density, vascular endothelial | [218–221] |
| Factor, and Akt activity; d-ROM, α-fetoprotein, and fasting plasma associated with HCC |
| recurrence; survival rate related to ↑ SOD-2 and Trx; ↑ mtDNA 9-bp polymorphism |
|
| Lung cancer | ↑ MDA; ↑ aldehydes in exhaled breath; ↑ 8-OHdG; polymorphism of OGG1 | [222–228] |
| Ser326Cys; ↑ thymidine glycol in ever-smokers; ↓ CAT and carbonic anhydrase; |
| ↓ AOC in never-smokers than in ever-smokers; ↑ HO-1 expression; |
| ↓ CoQ10; mt HSP90s associates with worse clinical outcome; ↓ mtDNA; ↑ m |
|
| Melanoma | ↑ 8OHdG associated with a poor prognosis; ↑ NOS1 polymorphism (rs2682826); | [229–232] |
| ↑ TNF- enhancing action of tumour-associated macrophages; ↑ OXPHOS |
|
| Myeloid leukaemias | ↑ MDA; ↓ thiol plasma levels; ↑ PC, TBARS and LOOH; ↓ ferric reducing ability | [233–241] |
| of plasma (FRAP); GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism associated with CML; ↑ CAT; |
| ↑ Trx; ↑ adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase; ↓ PRDX4 expression in APL; |
| disease-related 2- to 50-fold ↑ amplification of mtDNA; survival advantage in patients |
| with SOD-2 T versus C polymorphism; ↓ mt-encoded genes and ↑ mtDNA copy number |
|
| Oral cancer | ↑ MDA and NO; ↑ AGEs; ↓ CAT ↓ SOD in tissue, while ↑ SOD in erythrocytes; | [242–246] |
| somatic mutation of D-loop of mtDNA was associated with better survival |
|
| Thyroid oncocytic carcinoma | disruptive mtDNA mutations in complex I and III; ↓ complex I; ↓ respiration; | [247, 248] |
| ↓ ATP synthesis; ↑ ROS; ↓ mitochondrial biogenesis |
|
