Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Review Article

The Protective Role of Antioxidants in the Defence against ROS/RNS-Mediated Environmental Pollution

Table 2

Studies demonstrating increased oxidative stress/damage due to ionising and nonionising radiation exposure and the protective effects of antioxidants.


Radiation	Increased oxidative stress markers	Study	Antioxidants exerting a protective effect	Study

Ionising radiation	8-OHdG	Sperati et al. (1999) [84]	Ebselen	Tak and Park (2009) [85]
	ROS: superoxide () and the hydroxyl radical (OH^∙)		N-acetylcysteine	Kilciksiz et al. (2008, 2011) [86, 87]
	DNA damage and lipid membrane damage		Quercetin and the ethanolic extract of propolis	Benković et al. (2009) [88]
			L-selenomethionine, vitamin C, vitamin E, succinate, the combination of alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine	Wambi et al. (2009) [97] Andrade et al. (2011) [98]
			Curcumin	Jagetia (2007) [89]
			Sesamol	G. G. Nair and C. K. K. Nair (2010) [99]
			Melatonin vitamin E	El-Missiry et al. (2007) [100] Karbownik and Reiter (2000) [101]
			Lycopene	Nair et al. (2003) [102] Noaman et al. (2002) [103] Berbée et al., (2009) [104]
			Green tea polyphenols	Srinivasan et al. (2009) [105] Hu et al. (2011) [106]

Nonionising radiation	ROS production	Kovacic and Somanathan (2010) [90]	Alpha-tocopherol	Wolf et al. (2005) [107]
		Simkó and Mattsson (2004) [91]	N-acetyl-L-cysteine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate	Gler et al. (2008) [108] Ozgur et al. (2010) [109]
		Musaev et al. (2004) [92]
	Enhanced lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant defence systems	Simkó (2007) [110]	Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester	Ozguner et al. (2006) [93] Jajte et al. (2001) [94] Reiter (1994) [111]
	DNA damage	Jajte et al. (2001) [94]	Ginkgo biloba	Ilhan et al. (2004) [95]
			L-carnitine and selenium	Naziroğlu and Gümral (2009) [112]
			Vitamins E and C	Guney et al., (2007) [96]

UVR	Generation of oxidants via photodynamic action (e.g., H₂O₂, singlet oxygen, peroxy radicals, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals)	Peak et al. (1988) [113] Beehler et al. (1992) [114] Berton et al. (1997) [115] Li et al. (1996) [116] Masaki (2010) [117]	Vitamin C	McArdle et al. (2002) [118] Humbert et al. (2003) [119]
			Tocopherol	Ritter et al. (1997) [120] Packer et al. (2001) [121] Stahl et al. (2000) [122]
	Photochemical damage to cellular DNA	J. H. Kligman and A. M. Kligman (1986) [123]	Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids	Stahl et al. (2006) [124] Sies and Stahl (2004) [125] Cho et al. (2010) [126] Stahl et al. (2000) [122]
	Photoaging	McArdle et al. (2002) [118] Shindo et al. (1993) [127] Packer and Valacchi (2002) [128]	Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids
	Depletion of antioxidants	Thiele (2001) [129] Ribaya-Mercado et al. (1995) [130]	Carotenoids, beta-carotene, mixture of lutein and lycopene	Heinrich et al. (2003) [131] Lee et al. (2000) [132] Stahl et al. (1998) [133]
			Lycopene	Stahl et al. (1998) [133] Aust et al. (2005) [134] Yeh et al. (2005) [135]
			Resveratrol	Afaq and Mukhtar (2002) [136]
			Green tea polyphenols and other flavonoids	Katiyar et al. (2000) [137] Katiyar (2003) [138] Katiyar et al. (2010) [139] Lu, et al. (2008) [140] Singh and Agarwal (2002) [141] Bonina et al. (1996) [142] Wei et al. (1995) [143]
			Pycnogenol	Saliou et al. (2001) [144]