Salidroside Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Protects against H₂O₂-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction

Figure 5

Effects of SAL on H₂O₂-induced activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Effects of H₂O₂ (0.1 μM) (a) and SAL (10 μM) (b) on transcription factor NF-κB activity. H₂O₂ (0.1 μM) or SAL (10 μM) was added for the indicated periods of time (0–4 h). The transcription activity in untreated cells was assigned the value of 1. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control, 𝑛=4. (c) Effects of SAL on H₂O₂-induced NF-κB activity. HUVECs were pretreated with SAL (1, 10 μM) for 10 min and then incubated with H₂O₂ (0.1, 100 μM) for 30 min. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control; ^†𝑃<0.05, ^††𝑃<0.01 versus H₂O₂, 𝑛 = 4–6. (d) HUVECs were treated with TNF-α (30 ng/mL) for 30 min, and then total protein was extracted. The proteins were incubated with increasing concentrations of H₂O₂ (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) for 30 min, and then the activities of NF-κB were detected as described in Section 2. The transcription activity was normalized to that obtained in untreated cells. ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control, ^††𝑃<0.01 versus TNF-α, 𝑛=3.

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