Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View
Figure 1
Different intracellular ROS sources participate in ROS generation by adipocytes. Mitochondria, as the core machinery for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, is considered as a main source of , predominantly produced at complexes I and III. Superoxide anions will be further converted to H2O2 by mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). ROS can also be produced by NADPH oxidases enzymes, in which Nox4 is the main isoform in adipocytes. This isoform presents the particularity to primarily generate H2O2, whereas other NADPH oxidases would generate later converted to H2O2 by endogenous SOD. Nitric oxide synthase, whose eNOS and iNOS isoforms are abundantly expressed by adipocytes, might represent another source of ROS since they can be uncoupled to produce in the absence of sufficient amounts of substrates.
