Review Article

Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View

Figure 2

Adaptative or deleterious metabolic responses depending on ROS levels on adipose tissue metabolism. Depending on ROS intracellular levels, adipocytes will trigger different metabolic responses. Physiological levels of ROS, maintained by efficient detoxification system, are able to induce insulin-mimicking effects of H2O2 and to favor adipogenesis, which can be seen as an adaptative response in order to cope with nutrient overloading. In contrast, excessive or inappropriate redox balance will lead to considerable raise in intracellular ROS which will have detrimental effects particularly by altering insulin signaling, adipokine secretion, and adipocyte precursors conversion. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and proinflammatory cytokines secretion are increased in obese adipocytes following exposure to high levels of ROS. Moreover, enhancement of ROS production by hypertrophied adipocytes will affect neighboring environment, namely, immune cells infiltrated in WAT or endothelial cells in close vicinity of perivascular adipose tissue. Macrophages are schematically represented as blue (M2 type) or red cells (M1) within adipocytes.
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