Heterogeneity of Systemic Oxidative Stress Profiles in COPD: A Potential Role of Gender
Table 2
Systemic oxidative stress markers of 54 patients with COPD.
Plasma levels of OS markers mean ± SD
COPD patients with deficits (%)
Reference values (LLR–ULR)
Vitamin C (µg/mL)
10.5 ± 4.2
14 (26%)
M: 6.21–15.18 F: 8.60–18.83
Vitamin E (mg/L)
14.4 ± 3.5
0 (0%)
8.00–15.00
Vitamin C/vitamin E
0.74 ± 0.30
17 (31%)
0.59–1.19
Selenium (µg/mL)
89.5 ± 14.0
27 (66%)
94–130
Copper (mg/mL)
1.1 ± 0.2
3 (6%)
M: 0.70–1.40 F: 0.80–1.55
Zinc (mg/mL)
0.79 ± 0.13
15 (28%)
0.70–1.20
Copper/zinc ratio
1.42 ± 0.37
33 (61%)
1.14–1.29
GSH (µmol/L)
944 ± 168
3 (6%)
717–1110
GSSG (µmol/L)
5.40 ± 6.54
10 (19%)
0.96–10
GSH/GSSG
437 ± 320
11 (20%)
111–747
GPx (UI/gHb)
47.5 ± 12.1
3 (7%)
30–55
SOD (UI/gHb)
1310 ± 302
2 (6%)
785–1570
Lipid peroxidation (µmol/L)
587 ± 256
37 (69%)
0–432
LDL ox (UI/L)
178 ± 275
16 (30%)
28–70
Results are expressed in mean ± SD. Percentage of COPD patients with selenium, GPx, and SOD deficits was established from a total of 41, 47, and 32 patients, respectively. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; M = male/F = female; LLR and ULR = lower and upper limits of reference, respectively, obtained in a large cohort of healthy subjects; GSH = reduced glutathione; GSSG = oxidized glutathione; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GPx = peroxidase glutathione; LDL = oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
