Protocatechuic Acid Prevents oxLDL-Induced Apoptosis by Activating JNK/Nrf2 Survival Signals in Macrophages

Figure 1

Protocatechuic acid completely protects macrophage cells from oxLDL-cytotoxic activity. J774A.1 cells were exposed to native LDL or oxLDL (0.2 mg/mL) in the presence or absence of 25 μM protocatechuic acid. (a) Relative incorporation of [¹⁴C] thymidine. Each column represents the relative incorporation after 18 and 24 h treatment as compared with control values (100%). (b) Trypan blue staining. Percentages of dead cells (trypan blue positive cells) are reported at 6, 18, and 24 h. The data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. versus controls.

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