Protocatechuic Acid Prevents oxLDL-Induced Apoptosis by Activating JNK/Nrf2 Survival Signals in Macrophages

Figure 7

Protocatechuic acid activation of JNK is responsible for the inhibition of ROS hyperproduction. Time course of intracellular ROS production in control cells (CTR), oxLDL exposed cells (oxLDL), oxLDL and PCA-treated cells (PCA + oxLDL), and cells treated with oxLDL and PCA in the presence of the JNK-inhibitor (JNK-inhibitor + PCA + oxLDL). The inhibitor tested on control cells and oxLDL-treated cells did not show any effect (data not shown). Values are the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. versus controls; versus controls; versus oxLDL-treated cells and versus controls.