Myostatin Activates the Ubiquitin-Proteasome and Autophagy-Lysosome Systems Contributing to Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 4

TNF-α induces the expression of myostatin and causes myotube atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. (a) Upper: representative immunoblotting of myostatin and GAPDH. Lower: The ratio of myostatin and GAPDH normalized to control after 24 hr of TNF-α treatment at the indicated concentrations. (b) Upper: representative fluorescent images of MHC. MHC was marked in green and nuclei were labeled by DAPI staining in blue. Lower: measurements of average myotube diameter after 24 hr of 100 ng/mL TNF-α treatment. Scale bar = 50 μm. (c) Upper: representative immunoblotting of MHC and GAPDH. Lower: the ratio of MHC and GAPDH normalized to control after 24 hr of TNF-α treatment at the indicated concentrations. Values were described means, with SD represented by vertical bars. Significantly different (, , independent experiments) from control group.

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