Anti-Aging Potential of Phytoextract Loaded-Pharmaceutical Creams for Human Skin Cell Longetivity

Table 2

Phytoextracts loaded to creams with antioxidant features studied in human.

Botanical name	Family	Part used	Nature of extracts	Antioxidants^†	Nature of cream	Oil phase	Emulsifier	References
Acacia; nilotica	Mimosaceae	Bark	Ethanol	Phlobatannin, pyrocatechol, (+)-catechin, protocatechuic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin-7-gallate, and (−)-epigallocatechin-5, 7-digallate	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[27]
Benincasa hispida	Cucurbitaceae	Fruit	Petroleum ether	Caffeic acid	Simple W/O cream^††	Cetyl alcohol	Polysorbate	[28]
Calendula; officinalis	Compositae	Flowers	Ethanol	Isorhamnetin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[29, 30]
Camellia sinensis	Theaceae	Leaves	Ethanol	Epigallocatechin gallate	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[31, 32]
Camellia sinensis (green tea) and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus)	Camellia sinensis (Theaceae): Nelumbo nucifera  (Nelumbonaceae)	Leaves of Camellia sinensis: whole plant material of Nelumbo nucifera	Ethanol for Camellia sinensis; methanol for Nelumbo nucifera	Epigallocatechin gallate in green tea; hyperin, isoquercetin, and astragalin in lotus	W/O/W nano-multiple-emulsions	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90, polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether, Cetomacrogol 1000	[33–35]
Capparis decidua	Capparidaceae	Full plant	Methanol	Isoginkgetin and ginkgetin	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[36]
Castanea sativa	Fagaceae	Leaves	Ethanol	Catechin and myricetin derivatives	Simple W/O cream^††		Surfactant-free formulation	[37]
Coffea; arabica	Rubiaceae	Berry	Ethanol	Chlorogenic acid, condensed proanthocyanidins, quinic acid, and ferulic acid	Simple cream^††	Information not available	Information not available	[38]
Crocus sativus	Iridaceae	Flowers	Ethanol	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, carotenes, crocetin, and picrocrocin	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[39]
Emblica officinalis Gaertn	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit	Hydroalcoholic	Emblicanin A, emblicanin B, punigluconin, and pedunculagin	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[40]
Foeniculum vulgare	Apiaceae	Seeds	Ethanol	Gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[41, 42]
Hippophae; rhamnoides	Elaeagnaceae	Fruit	Hydroalcoholic	Isorhamnetin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[43]
Lithospermum erythrorhizon	Boraginaceae	Root	Ethanol	Naphthoquinone (shikonin, acetylshikonin, deoxyshikonin, b-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin, isobutylshikonin, b,b-dimethyl acrylshikonin, 2-methyl-n-butyrylshikonin, and isovalerylshikonin)	Simple O/W cream^††	Cyclomethicone, caprylic/capric triglyceride, phytosphingosine (0.005%), and cholesterol	Sodium lauroyl lactylate	[44]
Malus domestica	Rosaceae	Fruit	Methanol : formic; acid : double distilled water (70 : 2 : 28)	Hesperetin	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[45, 46]
Matricaria chamomilla L.	Asteraceae	While plant	Hydroalcoholic	α-Bisabolol and apigenin	Simple W/O cream^††	Cetyl alcohol	Sodium lauroyl lactylate	[47]
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Leaves	Hydroalcoholic	Epigallocatechin gallate, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, morin, taxifolin, chrysin, baicalein, fisetin, biochanin A, genistein, kaempferol, emodin anthraquinone, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and octyl and dodecyl gallates	Simple O/W cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[48–50]
Morus alba	Moraceae	Fruit	Hydroalcoholic	Rutin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin	Simple O/W cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[51, 52]
Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	Seeds	Ethanol	Quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin, catechin, ferulic acid, rutinoside, and apigenin	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[53]
Oryza sativa	Poaceae	Grains	Ethanol	Gallic acid, pyrogallol, apigenin, and rutin	Niosomes loaded cream	Information not available	Information not available	[54]
Polygonum minus	Polygonaceae	Leaves	Aqueous	Caffeic acid and quercetin	Simple W/O cream^††	Isoparaffin	Laureth-7	[55]
Punica granatum	Punicaceae	Seeds	Ethanol	Ellagic acid	Nanotransfersomes loaded cream	Cetyl; alcohol	Span 60 and tween 80	[56]
Silybum marianum	Asteraceae	Seeds	Ethanol	Silymarin (silybin, silydianin, and silychristin)	W/O emulsion cream	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[57, 58]
Tagetes erecta; Linn.	Asteraceae	Flowers	Ethyl acetate	Lutein	Nanostructured lipid carrier loaded cream	Glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid, octyldodecanol, and mineral oil	Tween, span, or triethanolamine stearate	[59]
Terminalia chebula	Combretaceae	Seeds	Methanol	Gallic acid, ellagic acid, tannic acid, ethyl gallate, chebulic acid, chebulagic acid, corilagin, and ascorbic acid	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[60]
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fabaceae	Seeds	Methanol	Kaempferol derivatives such as 3-O- -D-glucosyl(1 2) - -D-galactoside	Simple W/O cream^††	Paraffin oil	ABIL EM 90	[61, 62]
Vitis vinifera	Vitaceae	Shoot	Ethanol	Resveratrol, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin, malvidin, and (+)-catechin	Simple W/O cream^††	Cetyl; alcohol	Span 60	[63]

^†Including but not limited to.
^††Simple cream is the cream that is not loaded with some novel carrier system such as nanotransfersomes.