Potential Benefits of Berberine in the Management of Perimenopausal Syndrome

Figure 1

Molecular pathways modulated by BBR. (a) BBR could inhibit oxidative stress through AMPK activation that leads to a downregulation of NADPH oxidase expression and an upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSHpx. (b) BBR administration could decrease glycemia through the increase of insulin receptor expression and the AMPK-modulated Glut-4 translocation. (c) BBR could decrease circulating LDL by inhibiting NF-κB modulated LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells and inducing LDLR expression in hepatic cells. (d) BBR could inhibit the expression of MAO, leading to an upregulation of the mood-stabilizers neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.