|
Reference | Location | Types of study | Cancer type | Number of subjects | Polyphenol | Plasma level1 nmol/L | Urinary excretion1 nmol/mg creatinine2 |
|
[35] |
Australia |
Case-control |
Breast cancer |
Cases: 144 Controls: 144 | Equol | | nmol/24 h Cases: 97 Controls: 108.8 |
Daidzein | nmol/24 h Cases: 782.9 Controls: 913.4 |
|
[36] | Netherland | Nested case-control | Breast cancer | Cases: 88 Controls: 268 | Genistein | | Cases: 0.70 Controls: 0.81 |
|
[37] | Germany | Case-control | Breast cancer | Cases: 220 Controls: 237 | Genistein | Cases: 4.5 Controls: 3.7 | |
|
[38] | Netherland | Nested case-control | Breast cancer | Cases: 383 Controls: 383 | Daidzein | Cases: 9.20–11.25 Controls: 10.31–12.86 | |
|
[39] |
UK |
Nested case-control |
Breast cancer | Plasma Cases: 97 Controls: 187 | Daidzein Genistein | All: 8.7 All: 12.9 | All: 0.60 All: 0.23 |
Urinary Cases: 114 Controls: 219 | Equol | All: 0.4 | All: 0.0036 |
|
[40] |
China |
Nested case-control |
Breast cancer |
Cases: 60 Controls: 60 | Daidzein | | Cases: 2.15 Controls: 108.8 |
Genistein | Cases: 0.76 Controls: 2.17 |
|
[41] |
China |
Nested case-control |
Breast cancer |
Cases: 250 Controls: 250 | Daidzein | | Mean Cases: 4.95 Controls: 9.90 |
Genistein | Mean Cases: 2.19 Controls: 4.37 |
|
[42] |
Japan |
Nested case-control |
Breast cancer |
Cases: 144 Controls: 288 | Daidzein | Cases: 65.7 Controls: 70.4 | |
Genistein | Cases: 487.7 Controls: 534.7 |
|
[43] |
Japan |
Nested case-control |
Prostate cancer |
Cases: 201 Controls: 402 | Daidzein | Cases: 145.5 Controls: 139.6 | |
Genistein | Cases: 330.4 Controls: 319.0 |
Equol | Cases: 65.7 Controls: 70.4 | |
|
[44] | UK | Nested case-control | Prostate cancer | Cases: 193 Controls: 828 | Daidzein Genistein | All: 9.8 All: 25.5 | All: 0.51 All: 0.25 |
Equol | All: 0.04 | All: 0.009 |
|
[45] | EU | Nested case-control | Prostate cancer | Cases: 950 Controls: 1042 | Daidzein Genistein | All: 4.3 All: 6.7 | |
Equol | All: 0.8 |
|
[46] |
US |
Nested case-control |
Prostate cancer |
Cases: 249 Controls: 404 | Daidzein | | Cases: 0.173 Controls: 0.291 |
Genistein | Cases: 0.048 Controls: 0.078 |
Equol | Cases: 0.005 Controls: 0.004 |
|
[47] |
Jamaica |
Case-control |
Prostate cancer |
Cases: 175 Controls: 194 | Daidzein | | Cases: 0.199 Controls: 0.221 |
Genistein | Cases: 0.280 Controls: 0.273 |
Equol | Cases: 0.072 Controls: 0.067 |
|
[48] | US | Clinical trial | Prostate cancer | | Catechin | | |
|
[49] |
China |
Nested case-control |
Colorectal cancer |
Cases: 162 Controls: 806 | EGC | | Geometric mean Nondrinker: 1.11 Tea drinkers: −4.47 |
4′-MeEGC | Geometric mean Nondrinker: 4.30 Tea drinkers: −17.40 |
|
[44] | UK | Nested case-control | Colorectal cancer | Cases: 221 Controls: 889 | Daidzein Genistein | All: 8.7 All: 23.1 | All: 0.53 All: 0.20 |
Equol | All: 0.04 | All: 0.002 |
|
[50] | China | Nested case-control | Gastric cancer | Cases: 190 Controls: 772 | Catechins | | Unclear |
|
[51] | Korea | Nested case-control | Gastric cancer | Cases: 131 Controls: 393 | Daidzein | Cases: 80.5 Controls: 131.2 | |
|
[52] |
Japan |
Nested case-control |
Gastric cancer |
Cases: 483 Controls: 483 | Daidzein | Cases: ~161 Controls: ~155 | |
Genistein | Cases: 17 Controls: 18 |
|
[50] | China | Nested case-control | Esophageal cancer | Cases: 42 Controls: 772 | Catechins | | Unclear |
|
[53] |
Japan |
Nested case-control |
Lung cancer |
Cases: 126 Controls: 252 | Daidzein | Cases: 115.2 Controls: 125.1 | |
Genistein | Cases: 266.4 Controls: 267.9 |
Equol | Cases: 11.6 Controls: 14.4 |
|
[54] | China | Clinical trial | Liver cancer | | Catechin | | |
|