Interactions between CYP3A4 and Dietary Polyphenols

Table 1

Potential interactions of polyphenols with CYP3A4.

Category of polyphenols	Subcategory of polyphenols	Polyphenols in category	Interaction with CYP3A4	References
Flavonoids	Flavonols	Kaempferol, galangin	Inhibition	[87, 148, 149]
		Quercetin	Inhibition	[87, 148–150]
			Induction of CYP3A4 mRNA expression in vivo and in prolonged-exposure assays	[87, 151, 153]
	Flavones	Apigenin, chrysin, amentoflavone	Inhibition	[73]
		Luteolin, diosmetin	Inhibition	[156]
		Flavone, tangeretin	Activation	[156]
		α-Naphthoflavone	Activation	[11]
	Flavonols	EGCG, ECG	Inhibition	[73, 121, 139, 162]
	Flavanones	Naringin, naringenin	Inhibition	[73, 165]
	Isoflavones	Genestein	Inhibition	[169–171]
			Activation (modest activation in clinical trials)	[172, 173]
	Anthocyanins	Anthocyanins (and anthocyanins aglycones)	Inhibition	[174]
Nonflavonoids	Stilbenes	Resveratrol (and resveratrol derivatives)	Inhibition	[38, 175–179]
	Lignans	Gomisins (B and C)	Inhibition	[182]
		Silymarin mixture	Inhibition (with slight activation at low concentrations)	[183, 184]
	Tannins	Tannic acid	Inhibition	[185]
Phenolic acids	Hydroxycinnamic acid	Caffeic acid	Inhibition	[186]
	Hydroxybenzoic acid	Gallic acid	Inhibition	[187, 188]