Role of Oxidative Stress in Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Associated Cardiac Dysfunction: An Undisclosed Story

Figure 4

Putative mechanism of oxidative stress-induced left ventricular dysfunction in the hyperthyroid hearts. T4: thyroxin; T3: triiodothyronine; NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; : superoxide; NO^.: nitric oxide radical; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; ONOO⁻: peroxynitrite; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; L-NIO: N⁵-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride; +: activation; −: blocking. Representative image of thyroid gland is copied from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License, which allows sharing and/or remixing.