Review Article

Arginase as a Critical Prooxidant Mediator in the Binomial Endothelial Dysfunction-Atherosclerosis

Table 1

Original articles approaching the arginase isoforms in different clinical and experimental studies.

Arginase actions and their responses in the vasculature
ReferenceType of studyStudy designType of arginase involvedActions/resultsVascular damage

[12]PreclinicalIn vivo study with postmortem analysis in wild type C57Bl/6 and arginase II knockout male mouse (assessment of cigarette smoke effects)Arg II
[15]Clinical In vivo study performed in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitusArg I and Arg II
[21]PreclinicalIn vivo study with male ApoE/ and C57Bl/6 mouse and postmortem analysisArg II
[70]PreclinicalIn vivo model of transgenic C57Bl/6 mouse overexpressing human arginase II, with postmortem analysisArg II
[82]PreclinicalIn vitro study in cell culture of isolated porcine carotid endotheliumArg II
[96]ClinicalClinical study with blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusArg I and Arg II
[97]PreclinicalIn vitro study using isolated mouse aortic endothelium and HUVECs culturesArg II
[6]ClinicalHuman popliteal and tibial vessels from amputation specimens (ex vivo model)Arg IIReduction of NO bioavailabilityEndothelial dysfunction
[48]PreclinicalIn vivo and in vitro study using culture of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and C57Bl/6 mouse aortic ringsArg II
[50]PreclinicalIn vitro study performed on rat aorta endothelial cells (AECs)Arg I and Arg II
[80]PreclinicalIn vitro study performed on HUVEC and Wistar rat aortic ringsArg II
[81]PreclinicalIn vitro study performed on culture of human aortic endothelial cells and Wistar rat aortic ringsArg I and Arg II
[95]PreclinicalIn vitro study with treatment in HUVECs and mouse aortic ringsArg I and Arg II
[98]PreclinicalStudy performed on HUVECs culture in vitro and isolated C57Bl/6 mouse aortaArg I and Arg II
[69]PreclinicalIn vitro study using HUVECs culture and in vivo treatment in C57Bl/6 miceArg I and Arg II
[12]PreclinicalIn vivo study with postmortem analysis in C57Bl/6 and arginase II knockout male mice (assessment of cigarette smoke effects)Arg IIUncoupling of eNOSIncreased ROS production
[21]PreclinicalIn vivo study with male ApoE/ and C57Bl6 mice and postmortem analysisArg II
[48]PreclinicalIn vivo and in vitro study using culture of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and C57Bl/6 mouse aortic ringsArg II
[69]PreclinicalIn vitro study using HUVECs culture and in vivo treatment in C57BL/6 miceArg I and Arg II
[80]PreclinicalIn vitro study performed on HUVEC and Wistar rat aortic ringsArg II
[97]PreclinicalIn vitro study using isolated mouse aortic endothelium and HUVECs culturesArg II
[95]PreclinicalStudy performed on HUVECs culture in vitro and isolated C57BL/6 mouse aortaArg I and Arg II
[98]PreclinicalStudy performed on HUVECs culture in vitro and isolated C57BL/6 mouse aortaArg I and Arg II
[69]PreclinicalIn vitro study using HUVECs culture and in vivo treatment in C57Bl/6 mouseArg I and Arg II
[82]PreclinicalIn vitro study in cell culture of isolated porcine carotid endotheliumArg II
[83]PreclinicalIn vitro (VSMCs from human umbilical vein) and in vivo (ApoE/ and C57Bl/6 mouse) study Arg II

Arg I: arginase I; Arg II: arginase II; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HAECs: human aortic endothelial cells; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NO: nitric oxide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cells.