Protective Effects of Carvedilol and Vitamin C against Azithromycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats via Decreasing ROS, IL1-β, and TNF-α Production and Inhibiting NF-κB and Caspase-3 Expression

Table 1

Effect of carvedilol and vitamin C on the electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters measured in azithromycin-treated rats.

ECG parameters	Control	Azithromycin	Carvedilol + azithromycin	Vitamin C + azithromycin
Heart rate (BPM)	310 ± 28	447 ± 32	330 ± 46	372 ± 67
P duration (s)	0.012 ± 0.003	0.015 ± 0.001	0.017 ± 0.005	0.012 ± 0.002
RR interval (s)	0.18 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.03
PR interval (s)	0.04 ± 0.007	0.05 ± 0.008	0.05 ± 0.002	0.05 ± 0.003
QRS interval (s)	0.016 ± 0.002	0.016 ± 0.004	0.016 ± 0.001	0.016 ± 0.004
QT interval (s)	0.04 ± 0.012	0.07 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.012	0.06 ± 0.005
QTc (s)	0.115 ± 0.02	0.194 ± 0.03	0.128 ± 0.02	0.146 ± 0.02
Tpeak-Tend interval (s)	0.019 ± 0.007	0.041 ± 0.016	0.022 ± 0.013	0.029 ± 0.010
ST height (mV)	−0.21 ± 0.10	0.022 ± 0.19	−0.013 ± 0.08	0.04 ± 0.15
T amplitude (mV)	0.16 ± 0.09	0.28 ± 0.09	0.14 ± 0.09	0.29 ± 0.18
Q amplitude (mV)	−0.02 ± −0.04	−0.002 ± −0.01	−0.002 ± −0.01	−0.008 ± −0.02
S amplitude (mV)	−0.52 ± −0.33	−0.59 ± −0.19	−0.27 ± −0.13	−0.42 ± −0.22
P amplitude (mV)	0.08 ± −0.05	0.06 ± −0.01	0.06 ± −0.013	0.09 ± −0.06
R amplitude (mV)	1.03 ± 0.42	1.09 ± 0.38	0.89 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.47

Data are presented as mean ± SDM ().
Significant versus control ( ≤ 0.05).
Significant versus azithromycin (p ≤ 0.05).