Redox Modulating NRF2: A Potential Mediator of Cancer Stem Cell Resistance

Figure 2

Implications of NRF2 signaling in cancer. NRF2 coordinates the expression of genes associated with cellular redox regulation, metabolism, and xenobiotic efflux, and thereby its aberrant activation promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and anticancer drug resistance. GCLM, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GCLC, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; SODs, superoxide dismutases; G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PGD, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; ME1, malic enzyme 1, MDRs, multidrug resistance proteins; MRPs, multidrug resistance-associated proteins; BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein.