Type Channel Type of dysregulation Oxidative stress-related disease Model Alteration/pathophysiological effect Ref. Na+ voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) Missense mutation Idiopathic epilepsy Patients Increase in sodium influx. Patients show variable seizure types, including absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, and partial seizures.
[26 , 37 , 193 –196 ] Missense mutation Punctual mutation (SNP) Coronary microvascular dysfunction and ischemic heart disease (IHD) Patients/population study Polymorphism rs1805124_GG associated with a higher risk to develop IDH. [34 , 193 , 195 ] Large persistent sodium current Neurodegenerative diseases Mouse model The large persistent current produced by + /Ca+ exchanger in demyelinated axons. [193 , 195 , 197 ] Gain-of-function mutation Neuropathic pain Patients Hyperexcitability of neurons; acute or chronic pain. [28 , 195 , 198 , 199 ] Loss-of-function mutation Congenital insensitivity to pain Patients Indifference to pain. [28 , 195 , 198 –200 ] Gain-of-function mutation Neuropathic pain Patients Mutations contribute to painful peripheral neuropathy by enhancement of the channel’s response to depolarization and produce hyperexcitability in DRG neurons. [193 , 195 , 201 ] Gain-of-function mutation Neuropathic pain Patients Gain-of-function mutations in this channel are suggested to contribute to pain, autonomic dysfunction, and axonal degeneration in patients with peripheral neuropathy. [193 , 195 , 202 ] Potassium channels Kir 6.1 Punctual mutation (SNP) Coronary microvascular dysfunction and ischemic heart disease (IHD) Patients The polymorphism rs5219_AA of Kir 6.2 is associated with a protective effect in the development of IHD. [34 , 193 ] KCa 1.1 Overactivation Alzheimer disease (AD) Mouse model Increased availability of ROS in mouse models of AD, so BK channels are extensively oxidized. [203 ] KCa 3.1 Overexpression Diabetic nephropathy Mouse model and human tissue Knockout of KCa 3.1 reduces renal fibrosis in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. [204 ] Voltage-gated chloride channels (VGClCs) CLIC1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms Idiopathic epilepsy Patients Possible contribution of the “skeletal” chloride channel ClC-1 to the regulation of brain excitability. [205 ] Acid-sensing ion channels ASIC1a Overexpressed HCC Liver tumor tissues and SMMC-7721 cells Suppression of ASIC1α expression by RNAi attenuates the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. [206 ]
