Protective Effects of D-Penicillamine on Catecholamine-Induced Myocardial Injury

Figure 4

Cell viability studies using the H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line. Figure shows dose-dependent own toxicity of D-PA (10–1000 μM, left) and its protective effects against toxicity induced by catecholamines (CA) ISO and EPI. D-PA was added to freshly prepared catecholamine solution before the start of 24 h cell experiments (CA and D-PA, middle left); D-PA was added immediately before cellular experiments to catecholamines preincubated for 24 h in cell-culture medium (oxCA then D-PA, middle right); or D-PA was preincubated for 24 h together with catecholamines and then added to cells (oxCA with D-PA, right). Schematic overview of experimental protocols is in Figure 2. Cell viability was determined by neutral red uptake assay and expressed as a percentage of the untreated control group. Data are presented as means ± SD; ; statistical significance (ANOVA) versus control and versus corresponding catecholamine group.