Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake Accelerates Oral Palatal Wound Healing via Activation of the Nrf2/Antioxidant Defense Pathways in a Rat Model

Figure 1

Photographs and percentage of healing of the palatal wounds in rats drinking either distilled or hydrogen-rich water. (a) A circular (3.5 mm in diameter) full-thickness excision wound was created with a surgical punch at baseline. The photographs of palatal wounds of (b) control group and (c) HW group at 7 days after treatment are shown. (d) Changes in palatal wound closure for each group were calculated and plotted over the course of this study. Comparisons are represented within each time point. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (). : significantly different from control group.

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