Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake Accelerates Oral Palatal Wound Healing via Activation of the Nrf2/Antioxidant Defense Pathways in a Rat Model

Figure 2

Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of genes involved in the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway in rat palatal tissue. Relative mRNA levels of (a) Nrf2, (b) HO-1, and (c) NQO-1 were determined by real-time PCR. Bars represent mRNA expression levels normalized to GAPDH levels and relative to the control group at 3 days. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (). , : significantly different from control group at each time point.

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