Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake Accelerates Oral Palatal Wound Healing via Activation of the Nrf2/Antioxidant Defense Pathways in a Rat Model

Figure 6

Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of healing-associated genes in rat palatal tissue. Relative mRNA levels were detected for (a) TGF-β1, (b) FGF7, (c) VEGF, (d) α-SMA, and (e) type 1 collagen by real-time PCR. Bars represent mRNA expression levels normalized to GAPDH levels and relative to the control group at 3 days after treatment. Comparisons within each time point at 3 and 7 days are shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (). , : significantly different from control group at each time point.

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