Changes in Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Fragile Adults over Fifty Years of Age and in Elderly People Exclusively Fed Enteral Nutrition

Table 3

Blood oxidative stress parameters of frail adult and elderly patients fed exclusively by total enteral nutrition with the experimental and reference diets for 90 d and 180 d.

	Experimental			Reference
	Baseline ()	90 d ()	180 d ()	Baseline ()	90 d ()	180 d ()
LDL susceptibility to oxidation
Dienes lag Phase (min)	78.1 ± 3.4	58.1 ± 3.0	71.5 ± 4.0	70.5 ± 3.0	67.67 ± 2.7	70.6 ± 4.6
Dienes slope (mU OD/min)	1.30 ± 0.09	1.56 ± 0.16	1.89 ± 0.24	1.26 ± 0.10	1.28 ± 0.12	1.82 ± 0.16
LDL hydroperoxides	2.67 ± 0.21	3.66 ± 0.34	3.26 ± 0.18	4.56 ± 0.31	3.61 ± 0.39	4.15 ± 0.31
OxLDL (ng/mL)	167.7 ± 26.7	166.7 ± 25.2	175.6 ± 28.9	126.2 ± 12.5	156.5 ± 29.6	129.9 ± 14.1
DNA damage
Comet head (%)	72.8 ± 2.2	76.8 ± 2.1	75.6 ± 1.6	75.45 ± 2.0	78.7 ± 1.7	79.8 ± 1.8
Comet tail (%)	24.4 ± 1.6	27.2 ± 2.2	23.2 ± 2.1	20.2 ± 1.8	24.5 ± 2.1	21.3 ± 1.7
Comet tail moment	0.53 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.08	0.51 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.04

Significant difference between groups according to a general lineal model for repeated measures. Significant differences between groups at each time point. Mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters are significantly different in each group. < 0.05 was considered significant. LDL hydroperoxide units are nmol/mg LDL protein. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OD, optical density; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein.