The Role of Metformin in Controlling Oxidative Stress in Muscle of Diabetic Rats

Figure 3

Glutathione antioxidant defense system in gastrocnemius muscle of nondiabetic and diabetic rats treated with insulin and/or metformin. Glutathione peroxidase activity (Gpx) (a), glutathione reductase activity (GR) (b), reduced glutathione (GSH) (c), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PDH) (d). Nondiabetic (ND), diabetic (D), diabetic treated with insulin (D+I), diabetic treated with metformin (D+M), and diabetic treated with insulin and metformin (D+I+M). versus ND, versus D, and versus D+I.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)