Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Table 2

Effects of exercise training on HSPs in humans and experimental animals.

HSP	Species		Tissue	Physical activity/exercise mode	Effect of physical activity/exercise	References
HSP72	Human	Men,; 22.1 ± 3.8 years; = 7	Plasma	Semirecumbent cycling for 120 min	Levels increased after exercise	[289]
		Men and women,; 22–30 years; = 6	Serum	Acute bout of treadmill running for 60 min	Protein expression increased during and after exercise	[219]
		Men and women,; 22–30 years; = 6	Skeletal muscle	Acute bout of treadmill running for 60 min	mRNA level increased after exercise	[219]
	Rats	Young (3 months) and aged (30 months)	Skeletal muscle	4.5 weeks of resistance exercise	Protein expression increased in young and old rats	[222]
		Adult females	Heart	1 or 3 consecutive days for 100 min at a speed of 20 m/min	Increased expression	[290]
		Adult males	Heart	Treadmill running for 1 or 3 days	Increased levels after 3 but not 1 day	[291]
		Adult males	Heart	24-week but not 12-week treadmill training	Increased expression	[292]
		Females,; 4 months	Heart	Endurance exercise for 10 weeks	Increased expression	[293]
		Females,; 4 months	Ventricle	3–5 consecutive days of treadmill exercise [60 min/day at 60–70% maximal O2 uptake]	Increased levels	[368]
HSP70	Human	Male athletes,; 32.3 ± 9.3 years; = 12	Leukocytes	Half marathon run	Protein expression increased	[294]
		Men and women,; 26 ± 4 years; = 5	Skeletal muscle	30 min on a treadmill	mRNA level but not protein level increased at 4 min, 30 min, and 3 h after exercise	[221]
		Women,; 22 ± 2.2 years; = 10	Skeletal muscles	Acute bout of eccentric contractions	Protein expression increased after exercise	[218]
	Rats	Aged 24 months old	Hearts	Treadmill training for 30 m/min, 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks	Expression increased	[295]
		Young (6 months) and aged 27 months	Left ventricle	Treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for a total of 12 weeks	Protein increased in the young group compared with sedentary control	[296]
		Males, young (4 months) and aged (21 months)	Heart	Acute exercise for 60 min at 70–75% of maximum oxygen consumption	Expression increased in young and old rats	[297]
		Males,; 2 months	Heart	Treadmill for 3 days/week for 14 weeks	Increased protein level	[137]
		Spontaneously hypertensive; females (9 weeks)	Aorta	Voluntary wheel running for 5 weeks	Reduced gene expression	[299]
		Males and females,; 11 weeks	Skeletal muscle	Acute treadmill running for 30 min	Protein and mRNA expression increased in males but not females	[220]
	Mice	Males; (6–8 weeks)	Cardiac ventricles	Swimming training for 14 weeks	No change	[298]
HSP60	Human	Male athletes,; 32.3 ± 9.3 years; = 12	Leukocytes	Half marathon run	Expression increased	[294]
	Rats	Males,; 2 months	Heart	Treadmill for 3 days/week for 14 weeks	Decreased mRNA	[137]
		Spontaneously hypertensive; females (9 weeks)	Aorta	Voluntary wheel running for 5 weeks	Reduced gene expression	[299]
	Mice	Males,; 6–8 weeks	Ventricles	Swimming training for 14 weeks	Increased level	[298]
HSP32	Rats	Females,; 4 months	Heart	Endurance exercise for 10 weeks	No change	[293]
HSP27	Human	Male athletes,; 32.3 ± 9.3 years; = 12	Leukocytes	Half marathon run	Expression increased	[294]
	Rats	Males, aged (24 months)	Hearts	Treadmill training for 30 m/min, 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks	Expression increased	[295]
HSP25	Rats	Males, young (3 months) and aged (30 months)	Skeletal muscles	4.5 weeks of resistance exercise	Protein expression increased in young and old rats	[222]
HSC70	Human	Male athletes,; 32.3 ± 9.3 years; = 12	Leukocytes	Half marathon run	No change	[294]
	Rats	Males, young (3 months) and aged (30 months)	Skeletal muscles	Resistance exercise for 4.5 weeks	No change in protein expression	[222]