The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities

Table 2

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils from Rhaponticum carthamoides hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of essential oils were determined using the microdilution assay and are presented in µg/mL.

	Essential oil
Microorganism	HR		SGR		Positive control
	MIC	MBC/MFC	MIC	MBC/MFC	MIC	MBC/MFC
Staphylococcus aureus; (ATCC 25923)	250	>500	125	>500	7.8	>50
Enterococcus faecalis; (ATCC 29212)	125	>500	125	>500	1.9	>50
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ATCC 27853)	125	>500	125	>500	<0.4	>50
Escherichia coli; (ATCC 25922)	250	>500	250	>500	0.9	>50
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (ATCC 2601)	625	2500	1250	>2500	<0.4	>500
Candida albicans (ATCC 10231)	625	2500	625	>5000	<0.4	>500

; ; B.
Data represent the median values of at least three replicates.