Potential of Lichen Compounds as Antidiabetic Agents with Antioxidative Properties: A Review

Table 1

Reported lichens and their compounds as antidiabetic agents.

Lichens	Compounds	Activity	Author [Ref.]
Flavoparmelia caperata⁢; Physcia aipolia⁢; Heterodermia leucomela⁢	—	α-Amylase	Shivanna et al., 2015 [30]
Ramalina sinensis⁢; Heterodermia leucomelos⁢; Herpothallon sp.⁢; Parmotrema reticulatum	—	α-Amylase	Hengameh et al., 2016 [31]
Everniastrum cirrhatum⁢; Usnea sinensis⁢; Ramalina conduplicans⁢; Ramalina hossei⁢; Parmotrema tinctorum⁢; P. pseudotinctorum	—	α-Amylase	Vinayaka et al., 2013 [29]
Usnea articulate⁢; Ramalina pollinaria⁢; Ramalina hyrcana ⁢; Cladonia rei⁢; Flavoparmelia caperata⁢; Parmotrema chinense⁢; Punctelia subrudecta⁢; Punctelia borreri⁢; Hyperphyscia adglutinata⁢; Peltigera praetextata	—	α-Amylase	Valadbeigi and Shaddel, 2016 [33]
Caloplaca biatorina	—	α-Glucosidase antioxidant	Valadbeigi, 2016 [34]
Ramalina celastri	Salazinic acid,	α-Glucosidase
R. nervulosa	Sekikaic acid,		Verma et al., 2012 [36]
R. pacifica	Usnic acid	Antioxidant
Cladonia sp.	Zeorin,; Methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate Methylorsellinate	α-Glucosidase	Thadhani et al., 2011 [35]; Karunaratne et al. 2014 [16]
Umbilicaria antarctica⁢; Stereocaulon alpinum	Gyrophoric acid,; Lecanoric acid,; Methyl orsellinate	PTP1B	Seo et al., 2009 [37]
Stereocaulon alpinum	Lobaric acid, Pseudodepsidones	PTP1B	Seo et al., 2009 [38]
Lecidella carpathica	Zeorin,; Methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate,; Brialmontin 1,; Atranorin,; Methylhaematomate	PTP1B	Seo et al., 2011 [39]
Huea sp.	Diterpene furanoids	PTP1B	Cui et al., 2012 [40]
Parmotrema grayana	Atranorin; Divaricatic acid; Usnic acid	Antiglycation	Thadhani 2013 [41]
Parmotrema cooperi	Lecanoric acid; Gyrophoric acid; Ethyl haematomate; Ethyl orsellinate; Orsellinic acid	Antiglycation	Choudhary et al., 2011 [42]