VLDL Induced Modulation of Nitric Oxide Signalling and Cell Redox Homeostasis in HUVEC

Table 1

Expression level of genes involved in the NO signalling, superoxide metabolism, and oxidative stress response induced by n-VLDL and ox-VLDL in HUVEC.

Functional grouping	Gene	n-VLDL (rel. exp.)^#	value n-VLDL versus 0 VLDL	ox-VLDL (rel. exp.)^#	value ox-VLDL versus 0 VLDL	value ox-VLDL versus n-VLDL
Nitric oxide metabolism	NOS1 (nNOS)	—	—	—	—	—
Nitric oxide biosynthesis	NOS2 (iNOS)	3521 ± 0.684	0.0005	15,212 ± 7287	0.0099	0.0513
	NOS3 (eNOS)	0.772 ± 0.031	0.0047	0.602 ± 0.173	0.0095	0.1857
Nitric oxide biosynthesis	DYNLL1	0.996 ± 0.450	0.9860	1066 ± 0.345	0.7615	0.8376
Regulation	GLA	0.921 ± 0.253	0.6263	1438 ± 0.231	0.0424	0.1046
	HSP90AB1	1157 ± 0.393	0.5550	1553 ± 0.343	0.0485	0.2456
	IL8	0.551 ± 0.507	0.0794	6532 ± 2814	0.0272	0.0654
	INS	—	—	—	—	—
	NOS1AP	1037 ± 0.684	0.1139	2028 ± 0.395	0.0075	0.0125
Other nitric oxide	AKT1	1014 ± 0.189	0.5801	1356 ± 0.513	0.3054	0.7300
Biosynthesis genes	ARG2	1196 ± 0.265	0.3450	1847 ± 0.109	0.0006	0.0278
	DDAH2	1158 ± 0.281	0.4354	0.621 ± 0.386	0.0616	0.0439
	EGFR	2750 ± 2317	0.1798	2639 ± 1704	0.1045	0.9498
	GCH1	0.786 ± 0.119	0.0579	1354 ± 0.701	0.4329	0.2406
	GCHFR	0.685 ± 0.281	0.1486	0.327 ± 0.249	0.0136	0.1734
Nitric oxide induced	CDKN1A	1611 ± 1425	0.4282	1533 ± 0.904	0.3065	0.9399
	CXCL8	—	—	—	—	—
	JUN	1574 ± 0.655	0.2130	21,111 ± 0.890	0.0949	0.4297
	VEGFA	1451 ± 0.620	0.2582	5372 ± 1224	0.0134	0.0226
Nitric oxide suppressed	CCNA1	1335 ± 0.558	0.4048	1534 ± 0.128	0.0097	0.8953
	MYB	—	—	—	—	—
	TROAP	2080 ± 0.589	0.0192	1189 ± 0.156	0.1658	0.1917
Nitric oxide signalling	CAMK1	1477 ± 0.388	0.2150	1916 ± 0.473	0.0161	0.5063
	DLG4	1505 ± 0.935	0.3199	1178 ± 0.920	0.7098	0.6873
	GRIN2D	1461 ± 0.573	0.0832	1012 ± 0.554	0.9659	0.5407
	PPP3CA	1003 ± 0.388	0.4840	1386 ± 0.067	0.0155	0.9211
	PRKAR1B	1627 ± 0.620	0.1029	1472 ± 0.137	0.0259	0.7621
	PRKCA	1083 ± 0.036	0.5305	1909 ± 0.149	0.0019	0.0052
	NQO1	3456 ± 0.606	0.0018	2525 ± 0.835	0.0312	0.1657
Superoxide metabolism	ALOX12	1425 ± 0.450	0.0911	3253 ± 0.187	0.0001	0.0017
Release	DUOX1	1105 ± 0.317	0.1697	0.404 ± 0.048	0.0029	0.0115
Oxidoreductases	DUOX2	1429 ± 0.949	0.3574	0.439 ± 0.069	0.0001	0.1435
Peroxidases	NOX5	—	—	—	—	—
	PRG3	—	—	—	—	—
	SOD1	0.897 ± 0.235	0.4863	1608 ± 0.492	0.1094	0.1532
	SOD2	0.942 ± 0.414	0.8203	1819 ± 0.502	0.0539	0.1200
	SOD3	—	—	—	—	—
Other superoxide	CCS	1296 ± 0.670	0.4132	1173 ± 0.518	0.5367	0.8134
Metabolism genes	NCF1	—	—	—	—	—
	NCF2	1250 ± 0.698	0.4988	3637 ± 1943	0.0549	0.1460
	PREX1	0.916 ± 0.191	0.6021	0.857 ± 0.255	0.4455	0.7658
Oxidative stress	MPO	—	—	—	—	—
Antiapoptotic	MTL5	0.756 ± 0.316	0.1880	0.759 ± 0.479	0.3562	0.9919
	NME5	1049 ± 0.249	0.7349	1645 ± 0.939	0.2187	0.3483
	PRDX2	0.999 ± 0.294	0.9952	1040 ± 0.029	0.7286	0.8198
	RNF7	1260 ± 0.655	0.5334	1248 ± 0.140	0.0863	0.9827
Antioxidants	APOE	—	—	—	—	—
	MT3	—	—	—	—	—
	VIMP	—	—	—	—	—
	SRXN1	2721 ± 2766	0.2554	8175 ± 3135	0.0075	0.1113
Glutathione peroxidases	GPX1	1355 ± 0.587	0.4132	1070 ± 0.387	0.8239	0.5210
	GPX2	1392 ± 1035	0.4698	0.890 ± 0.314	0.5164	0.4669
	GPX3	1639 ± 0.795	0.1599	1683 ± 0.682	0.0960	0.9458
	GPX4	1436 ± 0.894	0.4714	1283 ± 0.663	0.5417	0.8239
	GPX5	—	—	—	—	—
	GPX6	—	—	—	—	—
Other oxidoreductases	CAT	1079 ± 0.533	0.8239	1287 ± 0.542	0.4419	0.6603
	EPX	1132 ± 0.448	0.4422	2491 ± 0.655	0.0087	0.1634
	LPO	—	—	—	—	—
	MSRA	1298 ± 0.793	0.48110	1062 ± 0.458	0.8025	0.6788
	PRDX6	1918 ± 1369	0.3161	1526 ± 0.741	0.2989	0.6865
	TPO	0.802 ± 0.688	0.5814	0.868 ± 0.095	0.1235	0.9056
	TXNRD2	1746 ± 0.944	0.1712	0.933 ± 0.284	0.6938	0.2250
Other peroxidases	CSDE1	1532 ± 1115	0.4558	0.868 ± 0.558	0.7056	0.4081
	CYGB	—	—	—	—	—
	GPR156	—	—	—	—	—
	PRDX2	0.999 ± 0.294	0.9953	1040 ± 0.029	0.7286	0.8198
	PRDX5	1412 ± 0.845	0.3940	1035 ± 0.537	0.9149	0.5503
	TTN	0.416 ± 0.095	0.0008	0.350 ± 0.192	0.0026	0.7083
Regulation	FOXM1	1541 ± 0.369	0.0670	1695 ± 0.914	0.2597	0.8012
	GLRX2	1006 ± 0.447	0.9657	1323 ± 0.778	0.5124	0.6323
	SCRT2	—	—	—	—	—
	SIRT2	1322 ± 0.502	0.3329	1339 ± 0.292	0.1279	0.9676
Other oxidative stress	ATOX1	1254 ± 0.913	0.6551	1515 ± 0.757	0.3056	0.7224
Response genes	DUSP1	1186 ± 0.189	0.3110	1490 ± 0.797	0.1381	0.3571
	GSS	1357 ± 0.684	0.4227	1124 ± 0.173	0.3452	0.5988
	KRT1	—	—	—	—	—
	MBL2	2039 ± 1129	0.1870	16,376 ± 10,431	0.1108	0.1335
	NUDT1	1521 ± 1018	0.3459	1871 ± 0.589	0.0340	0.6342
	OXR1	0.876 ± 0.199	0.3577	1044 ± 0.606	0.8910	0.6727
	PNKP	1382 ± 0.601	0.2771	1566 ± 0.907	0.2675	0.7837
	PRNP	2908 ± 2329	0.2226	5331 ± 2944	0.0284	0.4218
	SCARA3	0.762 ± 0.376	0.3352	0.482 ± 0.277	0.0318	0.3568
	SEPP1	—	—	—	—	—
	SGK2	4371 ± 5854	0.3548	8491 ± 5139	0.0698	0.5327

n-VLDL = RT-PCR assay performed after 24 h incubation of HUVEC with native VLDL (140 μg/mL); ox-VLDL = RT-PCR assay performed after 24 h incubation of HUVEC with oxidised VLDL (140 μg/mL). ^#Relative expression (rel. exp.) versus untreated cells (0 VLDL) grown for an overall comparable time. cDNAs undetectable under the condition assayed were indicated by “—.” values considered statistically significant by ANOVA were marked by “.”