A Cystine-Rich Whey Supplement (Immunocal®) Provides Neuroprotection from Diverse Oxidative Stress-Inducing Agents In Vitro by Preserving Cellular Glutathione

Figure 3

Immunocal decreases CuCl₂-induced apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in CGNs. (a) Representative images of CGNs left untreated (control), treated with CuCl₂ (50 μM), or preincubated with Immunocal for 24 h before CuCl₂ treatment for further 24 h. Immunofluorescence shows β-tubulin (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm. (b) Quantification of apoptosis for 4 independent experiments performed as in (a). Results are shown as mean ± SEM, . indicates compared to control and †† indicates compared to CuCl₂. (c) Cellular lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Results are shown as mean ± SEM, . indicates compared to control, ††† indicates compared to CuCl₂. Con: control; ICAL: Immunocal.

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