Clinical Study

Effect of Weight Loss, Exercise, or Both on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Insulin Secretion in Frail, Obese Older Adults

Table 3

Hierarchical models of changes in undercarboxylated osteocalcin.

RR2ΔR2BSEβ

Diet group
 Model 1.526.276
  Change in PINP.0900.0470.3210.066
  Change in CTX.0060.0040.2660.141
  Change in WB BMD−16.513.390−0.1970.226
 Model 2.659.434.158
  Change in PINP−0.1180.0490.5480.004
  Change in CTX−0.0030.006−0.1210.610
  Change in WB BMD−27.66912.865−0.3300.038
  Change in FFM7.78E−50.00010.0830.742
  Change in FM−0.00020.0002−0.6510.013
 Model 3.848.719.284
  Change in PINP0.1350.0480.4810.009
  Change in CTX0.0150.0060.6520.023
  Change in WB BMD−15.88011.490−0.1900.177
  Change in FFM−6.350E−50.0001−0.0680.772
  Change in FM−0.00010.0002−0.2390.553
  Change in hs-Crp−1.2930.349−0.707<0.001
  Change in IL-6−4.3330.903−0.719<0.001
  Change in sTNF R10.0240.0210.2050.251
  Change in leptin0.0840.0590.4780.165
  Change in adiponectin−0.3510.091−0.644<0.001
Diet-exercise group
 Model 1.706.498
  Change in PINP0.0530.0240.3190.032
  Change in CTX0.0080.0020.4600.003
  Change in WB BMD−9.3249.538−0.1070.334
 Model 2.708.501.003
  Change in PINP0.0480.0260.2870.077
  Change in CTX0.0080.0030.4860.005
  Change in WB BMD−8.39510.573−0.0960.432
  Change in FFM−8.502E−50.0001−0.72−0.665
  Change in FM4.265E−50.0001−0.880.611
 Model 3.783.613.112
  Change in PINP0.1030.0310.6250.002
  Change in CTX0.0030.0030.1920.309
  Change in WB BMD−34.31513.510−0.3920.016
  Change in FFM−0.00020.0002−0.2510.156
  Change in FM−0.00020.0001−0.4800.088
  Change in hs-Crp0.1940.1090.2830.084
  Change in IL-6−0.0910.393−0.0350.818
  Change in sTNF R10.0170.0140.1840.234
  Change in leptin0.1330.0550.6390.022
  Change in adiponectin0.0770.0420.2750.077

PINP: intact N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; WB BMD: whole body bone mineral density; FFM: fat-free mass; FM: fat mass; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL6: interleukin 6; sTNF R1: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Values are given as mean ± SE. ; .