Parental High-Fat Diet Promotes Inflammatory and Senescence-Related Changes in Prostate

Figure 4

Parental HFD feeding promotes inflammation, proliferative, and senescence-related changes in the prostate. (a) Schematic diagram illustrating the experimental design. (b) The weaning male pups of HFD-fed parents were slightly glucose intolerant as compared to that of the NPD-fed parents. (c) AUC of plasma glucose concentration and time curve in (b). (d) An increase in the plasma insulin level in the pups of HFD-fed parents was observed at one week and 4 weeks (weaning) of age as compared to that of NPD-fed parents. (e) Increased expression of p53 and COX-2 and activation of NF-kB were observed in prostate of the weaning pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to the prostates of the pups of NPD-fed parents. However, no appreciable change in the PCNA expression was observed. (f) A significant increase in the COX-2 expression was observed in the VP of the pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to the pups of NPD-fed parents. (g) A significant increase in the phosphorylation of NF-kB was observed in the VP of the pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to the pups of NPD-fed parents. (h) The plasma total-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin levels were increased and HDL-cholesterol level decreased in the HFD-fed adult pups (16 weeks) of HFD-fed parents as compared to NPD-fed pups of NPD-fed parents. The plasma glucose and insulin levels of NPD-fed pups of HFD-fed parents were higher as compared to NPD-fed pups of NPD-fed parents. (i) The HFD-fed adult pups (16 weeks) of the HFD-fed parents were glucose intolerant, but improved glucose tolerance was observed in the NPD-fed pups of the HFD-fed parent rats. (j) The SA β-gal activity was found to be highest in the HFD-fed pups of the HFD-fed parents, followed by NPD-fed pups of the HFD-fed parents and NPD-fed pups of the NPD-fed parents. (k) A significant increase in the sum of the green and blue colour intensity was observed in the prostatic images of HFD-fed/NPD-fed pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to NPD-fed pups of NPD-fed parents (statistical comparisons are indicated by symbol). A significant decrease in the red colour intensity was observed in the prostatic images of HFD-fed/NPD-fed pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to NPD-fed pups of NPD-fed parents (statistical comparisons are indicated by symbol). (l and m) Increased expression of p53, PCNA, COX-2, and activation of p-NF-kB was observed in the prostate of adult HFD-fed/NPD-fed pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to that of the age-matched NPD-fed pups of the NPD-fed parents. (n) Representative photomicrographs showing increased epithelial layer infolding (arrow heads) in the prostatic sections of HFD and NPD-fed adult pups of HFD-fed parents as compared to NPD-fed pups of NPD-fed parents. All the values are shown as mean ± SEM. , versus indicated group.

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