Research Article

Tubulin Beta-3 Chain as a New Candidate Protein Biomarker of Human Skin Aging: A Preliminary Study

Table 4

List of top enriched pathways provided after overrepresentation analysis with PathVisio. Positive (r) is the number of genes in the pathway meeting the criterion. Measured (n) is the number of genes in the pathway measured in the experiment. Total is the total number of elements in the pathway. Z-score is the score calculated for overrepresentation analysis. Pathways with a high Z-score have more significantly up- or downregulated genes than expected.

PathwayPositive (r)Measured (n)Total%Z-score value (permuted)

Zinc homeostasis4439100.00%3.300.000
Copper homeostasis565883.33%3.130.000
Arachidonate epoxygenase/epoxide hydrolase2217100.00%2.330.001
DNA replication2250100.00%2.330.009
Retinoblastoma (RB) in cancer2298100.00%2.330.012
Histone modifications11256944.00%1.980.027
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor1151100.00%1.650.048
Cardiac hypertrophic response1160100.00%1.650.063
Constitutive androstane receptor pathway1134100.00%1.650.029
Dual hijack model of Vif in HIV infection119100.00%1.650.007
Endochondral ossification1169100.00%1.650.072
Endothelin pathways1147100.00%1.650.047
Gastric cancer network 11132100.00%1.650.027
Melatonin metabolism and effects1155100.00%1.650.057
NOTCH1 regulation of human endothelial cell calcification1118100.00%1.650.014
Notch signaling pathway1162100.00%1.650.058
RalA downstream regulated genes1113100.00%1.650.015
T-cell receptor and costimulatory signaling1145100.00%1.650.050
TarBasePathway1119100.00%1.650.019
Type II interferon signaling (IFNG)1138100.00%1.650.043
Metapathway biotransformation2318966.67%1.550.120
Cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins13348938.24%1.540.121
Circadian rythm-related genes51121045.45%1.400.146
Apoptosis modulation and signaling369750.00%1.280.190
Alzheimers disease4916344.44%1.190.259
Electron transport chain4911844.44%1.190.252
Oxidative stress243250.00%1.040.232
Preimplantation embryo246050.00%1.040.299
Vitamin B12 metabolism2411850.00%1.040.337
TNF alpha signaling pathway379742.86%0.950.340