Review Article

Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Muscle Injury Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Study characteristics of selected experimental controlled animal studies on low-level laser irradiation effects on oxidative stress.

AuthorsSample sizeGroup numberNumber of animals/groupDependent variables

Guaraldo et al. [5]300506Biomarkers of oxidative stress (CAT, SOD, and GPX); biomarkers of lipid peroxidation.
Ribeiro et al. [2]800605/15Chemoluminescence; protein oxidation; antioxidant enzyme activity
Oliveira Silva et al. [15]280407Histology; quantification total creatine kinase; protein carbonyl; detection of superoxide dismutase
Silveira et al. [3]180306Serum creatine kinase activity; hydroxyproline measurement; superoxide anion production; lipid peroxidation assay; superoxide dismutase; protein determination
Assis et al. [6]600320Muscle evaluation; muscle morphological analysis; lipid peroxidation; NO production; immunoblotting; dot blot (for detection of nitrotyrosine formation); cytokine measurements (ELISA); total RNA isolation and real-time PCR
Davila et al. [17]700710Histological analysis; plasma collection; muscle tissue collection
Servetto et al. [14]480608Plasma collection; muscle tissue collection; spectrophotometry in plasma
Rizzi et al. [1]90330Histology; collagen quantification; TBARS analysis; Western blot analysis; electrophoretic mobility shift assay