Review Article
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Muscle Injury Animal Models: A Systematic Review
Table 3
Study characteristics of selected experimental controlled animal studies on low-level laser irradiation effects on oxidative stress.
| Authors | Sample size | Group number | Number of animals/group | Dependent variables |
| Guaraldo et al. [5] | 30 | 05 | 06 | Biomarkers of oxidative stress (CAT, SOD, and GPX); biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. | Ribeiro et al. [2] | 80 | 06 | 05/15 | Chemoluminescence; protein oxidation; antioxidant enzyme activity | Oliveira Silva et al. [15] | 28 | 04 | 07 | Histology; quantification total creatine kinase; protein carbonyl; detection of superoxide dismutase | Silveira et al. [3] | 18 | 03 | 06 | Serum creatine kinase activity; hydroxyproline measurement; superoxide anion production; lipid peroxidation assay; superoxide dismutase; protein determination | Assis et al. [6] | 60 | 03 | 20 | Muscle evaluation; muscle morphological analysis; lipid peroxidation; NO production; immunoblotting; dot blot (for detection of nitrotyrosine formation); cytokine measurements (ELISA); total RNA isolation and real-time PCR | Davila et al. [17] | 70 | 07 | 10 | Histological analysis; plasma collection; muscle tissue collection | Servetto et al. [14] | 48 | 06 | 08 | Plasma collection; muscle tissue collection; spectrophotometry in plasma | Rizzi et al. [1] | 90 | 3 | 30 | Histology; collagen quantification; TBARS analysis; Western blot analysis; electrophoretic mobility shift assay |
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