Effects of Polyphenol Intake on Metabolic Syndrome: Current Evidences from Human Trials

Table 2

Metabolic syndrome definition.

Cardiovascular risk factor	Measurement	Definition
Central obesity	Waist circumference	Region	Men	Women
		Asia	≥90 cm	≥80 cm
		Europe, Africa, and Middle-East	≥94 cm	≥80 cm
		America	≥102 cm	≥88 cm
Insulin resistance	Fasting blood glucose	≥100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L)
Hypertension	Blood pressure	≥130/85 mmHg
Dyslipidemia	Fasting blood triglycerides	≥150 mg/dL
	Fasting blood HDL cholesterol	≤50 and ≤40 mg/dL for women and men, respectively

According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), metabolic syndrome is defined as central obesity plus 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors [133], and according to the American Heart Association (AHA), metabolic syndrome is defined by having 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors [134]. High triglyceride levels and low HDL cholesterol levels are considered independent risk factors for the definition of metabolic syndrome. HDL denotes high-density lipoprotein.