Research Article
Oxidative Stress Regulation on Endothelial Cells by Hydrophilic Astaxanthin Complex: Chemical, Biological, and Molecular Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Figure 3
In vitro evaluation of CD-A complex cytocompatibility, CD-A complex protective effect against cellular ROS and lipid peroxidation. Cellular viability of HUVECs exposed to CD-A complex during (a) 24 h and (b) 48 h: doted lines represent a higher viability of 70% with regard to PTC (DMSO 10%), indicating a good cell CD-A complex compatibility. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of CD-A complex measured by (c) CM-H2DCFDA and (d) MitoSOX Red: ROS were induced by either t-BuOOH or antimycin A in both assays. NAC and MitoTEMPO were used as antioxidant references. (d) Cellular lipid peroxidation activity (CLPAA) results for CD-A complex compared to positive control (HUVEC exposed to CumOOH). Data are means ± SD of six experiments. Levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different ().
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