Modulatory Mechanism of Polyphenols and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in LPS Challenged Pregnancy Disorders

Table 1

Some enlisted Nrf2 gene regulation in maternofetal tissues.

Origin	Regulation of Nrf2 protein/gene	Functional significance	References
Human umbilical endothelial cells	NQO1, GCLM, Nrf2, GSK3β	GDM ↑ oxidative stress and ↓ Nrf2 activity and overexpression of antioxidant expression	[112]
Rat	Nrf2, HO-1, SOD2	Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and moderate; Restraint stress (GD14-20) ↑ Nrf2-dependent gene expression	[113]
Rat liver	GSTP, Nrf2	Maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate ↑ methylation of Nrf2-dependent GSTP gene promoter	[114]
Nrf2^−/− and WT mice	Nrf2, GSTA3, MGST1, GSTA4; Gpx2, AKR1B1, AKR1B10, NQO1	Postnatal hyperoxia ↑ Nrf2-dependent gene expression, abolished in Nrf2^−/− mice	[115]
Mouse embryos	Nrf2, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, CAT, Trx, Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, GR	Maternal ethanol or D3T exposure ↑ Nrf2-dependent gene expression	[116]
Mouse embryos	GSH, NQO1, HO-1, GCLC, GST, Prx1; Trx1, Trx2	Maternal D3T administration ↑ Nrf2-dependent gene and ↓ H2O2-induced Trx1 and Trx2 oxidation	[117]

AKR1B1: aldo-keto reductase family-1 member B1 (aldose reductase); AKR1B10: aldo-keto reductase family-10 member B10 (aldose reductase); CAT: Catalase); GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit enzyme; GCLM: glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit enzyme; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; GR: glutathione reductase; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; GSH: glutathione peroxidase; GSTA3: glutathione S-transferase alpha-4; GSTA4: glutathione S-transferase alpha-4; Gpx1, 2, and 3: glutathione peroxidase 1, 2, and 3; GST: glutathione S-transferase; GSTP: glutathione reductase; GPO: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase; MGST1: microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1; NQO1: (NAD(P)H:quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: NF-E2-related factor 2; Prx1: peroxiredoxin 1; SOD1, 2, and 3: sodium dismutase 1, 2, and 3; Trx1 and 2: thioredoxin-1 and 2).