ROS-Dependent Activation of Autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Is Induced by Hydroxysafflor Yellow A-Sonodynamic Therapy in THP-1 Macrophages

Figure 3

HSYA-SDT induced autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. (a) mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser 2448), AKT, and p-AKT (Ser 473) protein expression was analyzed by Western blots at different time points after HSYA-SDT, and quantifications of the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and p-AKT/AKT ratio are shown. (b) The effect of LY294002 on the expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser 2448), AKT, p-AKT (Ser 473), LC3-Ι, LC3-ΙΙ, p62, and beclin 1 protein at 30 min after SDT, and quantifications of the proteins above are shown. (c) The effect of triciribine on the expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser 2448), AKT, p-AKT (Ser 473), LC3-Ι, LC3-ΙΙ, p62, and beclin 1 protein at 30 min after SDT, and quantifications of the proteins above are shown. (d) The effect of rapamycin on the expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser 2448), LC3-Ι, LC3-ΙΙ, p62, and beclin 1 protein at 30 min after SDT, and quantifications of the proteins above were shown. (e) The effect of IGF-1 on the expression levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser 2448), AKT, p-AKT (Ser 473), LC3-Ι, LC3-ΙΙ, p62, and beclin 1 protein at 30 min after SDT, and quantifications of the proteins above were shown. All data are mean ± standard error (). , , and versus Control.

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