Hispanic man and woman, 55 years old and older with diagnosed T2DM
Control (31): recommended to continue usual standard of care. Resistance (31): 60–80% of 1RM during the first 9 weeks and 70–80% of 1RM on weeks 10–16.
45 min/session, 3x/week, for 4 months
CRP (mg/l) Adiponectin (µg/ml)
Reduction in serum CRP level in resistance training group compared with control group. Increase in adiponectin concentrations in resistance group compared with control group.
Data from CRP and adiponectin were exposed as median and interquartile range.
Reduction in hsCRP and interleukin-18 after aerobic training compared with control group. Increase in interleukin-10 after aerobic training compared with control group. Nonsignificant changes in TNF-α or adiponectin in either group or between the groups after the intervention.
Data from hsCRP, adiponectin, TNF-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-18 were exposed on graphs without values of mean and standard deviation.
Man and woman aged 30–70 years diagnosed with T2DM and with body mass index between 25 and 40 kg/m2
Control (12): light stretching exercise. Aerobic (12): up to lactate threshold. Resistance (12): load not described. Combination (12): aerobic and resistance training with the same intensity of the other training groups and half of the exercise volume on each category.
Reduction in hsCRP serum level in all groups, including control after intervention. Increase in visfatin serum level in all groups, including control after intervention. Nonsignificant changes in adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, or interleukin-6 in either group after intervention.
Data before and after intervention exposed on analytical values (mean ± standard deviation).
Man and woman aged 50–70 years with a diagnosis of T2DM
Control (27): 150 minutes/week of self-managed physical activity. Aerobic (26): progressive load until 60%–75% of .
60 min/session, 4x/week, for 3 months
Human apelin-12 (ng/ml) Ghrelin (ng/ml)
Increment on apelin serum level after the intervention period on aerobic training group compared with control group. Nonsignificant effect on ghrelin serum level in the intervention group.
Data from apelin and ghrelin were exposed on graphs without values of mean and standard deviation.
Man and woman with T2DM diagnosed for more than 1 year
Control (24): 150 minutes/week of self-managed physical activity. Resistance (23): 2-3 sets of 6–8 repetitions on machine weights. Exercise intensity of 60–80% of 1RM.
60 min/session, 3x/week, for 3 months
hsCRP (mg/l)
Nonsignificant changes in CRP levels between the groups after the intervention.
Data expressed as delta variation (mean ± standard deviation).
Man and woman aged 35–70 years with diagnosed T2DM
Control (37): weekly stretching and relaxation. Aerobic (50): 50–80% of maximum O2 consumption. Resistance (58): progressive load starting from the execution of 12 repetitions. Combination (59): combination of aerobic training (10 kcal/kg/week) plus 2 sessions of resistance training per week.
150 min/week, 3x/week, for 9 months
CRP (mg/l)
Nonsignificant change in CRP serum level in either group or between the groups after the intervention.
Data expressed as delta variation (mean ± confidence interval).
Man and woman with T2DM diagnosed for more than 1 year.
Control (24): 150 minutes/week of self-managed physical activity. Aerobic (21): progressive load until 60%–75% of . Resistance (23): load of 60%–80% of 1-MR. Combination (22): aerobic and resistance training with the same intensity of the other training groups and half of the exercise volume on each category.
Reduction in hsCRP and visfatin serum level after aerobic and combined training compared with both resistance training alone and control groups. Increment on apelin and vaspin serum level in the aerobic exercise and combined groups rather than in the control and resistance training groups. Nonsignificant effect on ghrelin serum level in the intervention groups.
Data from vaspin, apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin were exposed on graphs without values of mean and standard deviation.
Control (8): not described. Aerobic (8): 40–59% of maximum O2 consumption.
30 min/session, 4x/week, for 3 months
hsCRP (mg/ml) Adiponectin (µg/l)
Nonsignificant changes in CRP in either group or between the groups after the intervention. Adiponectin level increased in training group compared with pretraining values.
Man and woman ≥60 years of age, sedentary with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Control (47): training on the same equipment used by resistance group, 3 times a week, under supervision from the same trainers. Exercise intensity as low as possible and not progressing. Resistance (41): 3 sets of 8 repetitions. Exercise intensity of 80% of 1RM.
Session duration not informed, 3x/week, for 12 months
CRP (mg/l)
Reduction in CRP in resistance group relative to control group.
