Review Article

Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke

Figure 1

Effects of polyphenols in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. AA: arachidonic acid; COX: cyclooxygenase; PGE2/H2/I2: prostaglandin E2/H2/I2; TXA2: thromboxane A2; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO: nitric oxide; ET-1: endothelin-1; ETA/B: endothelin A/B receptor; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; NOX: NADPH oxidase; SOD: superoxidase dismutase; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; AngII: angiotensin II; AT1: angiotensin II receptor type 1; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.