Increased Levels of Oxidative Stress Markers, Soluble CD40 Ligand, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Reflect Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Active Phase and without the Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Table 4

Parameters of lipid profile (total cholesterol (T-Chol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol), triglicerydes (TG) concentration, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratio), concentration of PAPP-A, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), PlGF, and value of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as well as parameters of inflammatory state (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) value, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ceruloplasmin (CER) concentration) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and healthy subjects.

Parameter	AS patients ()	Healthy subjects ()
T-Chol (s) (mg/dl)	217.73 ± 35.48	187.09 ± 18.57	<0.001
LDL-Chol (s) (mg/dl)	140.49 ± 33.64	112.57 ± 22.89	<0.001
HDL-Chol (s) (mg/dl)	61.10 ± 18.08	57.49 ± 15.16	0.291
TG (s) (mg/dl)	190.48 ± 47.30	139.74 ± 47.66	<0.001
TG/HDL ratio	3.37 ± 1.13	2.57 ± 1.23	<0.001
LDL/HDL ratio	2.55 ± 1.1	2.02 ± 0.58	<0.05
PAPP-A (s) (ng/ml)	17.82 ± 16.22	14.24 ± 4.35	0.281
sCD40L (s) (ng/ml)	8.93 ± 3.74	5.54 ± 2.37	<0.001
PlGF (s) (pg/ml)	25.8 ± 8.99	19.77 ± 3.27	<0.001
Carotid IMT (mm)	1.1 ± 0.13	0.55 ± 0.08	<0.001
ESR	27.13 ± 21.55	5.94 ± 3.91	<0.01
hs-CRP (s) (mg/l)	14.92 ± 15.55	1.58 ± 2.00	<0.001
CER (s) (mg/dl)	48.12 ± 12.67	38.68 ± 4.84	<0.001

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD) of the means; s: serum.