Targeting Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage Response in Cancer: Opportunities for Novel Cancer Therapies

Figure 2

Oxidative stress (OS) causes DNA damage with consequent activation of DNA repair pathways. OS induces DNA damages by two major reactions: increase of the intracellular calcium levels, activating DNA digestion, and Fenton reaction. DNA damage triggers the main DNA repair pathways: BER: base excision repair; NHEJ: nonhomologous end joining; HRR: homologous recombination repair; MMR: mismatch repair; NER: nucleotide excision repair; ICL: intrastrand crosslink; TLS: translation synthesis.