Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Targets

Table 3

Most popular parameters for diagnosis of endothelium dysfunction.

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Biochemical parameters

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CAM-1)

Selectins P and E

Vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

von Willebrand factor (vWF)

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Thrombomodulin

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-13 (ADAMTS13)

Angiopoietin-1

Angiopoietin-2

Physical parameters

Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)

Carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT)

Pulse wave velocity (PWV)

Pulse arterial tonometry (PAT)

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